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Nigel Baker

Ambassador to the Holy See (2011-2016)

Part of UK in Holy See

26th June 2013

Freedom of religion or belief: a fundamental right

The British Ambassador to the Holy See Nigel Baker meets students of the Cambridge Muslim College, Rome April 2013

The European Union – as an institution, and as individual member states – is often criticised for not doing enough to protect and promote freedom of religion and belief around the world. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is very clear on the issue, we are often reminded. And yet, the critics say, amongst the many rights that are promoted and protected, religion and belief is too often considered an orphan. What are you doing?

24 June saw a real step forward, with the adoption by the Council of the European Union of a comprehensive set of EU Guidelines on the promotion and protection of freedom of religion or belief. The guidelines, which will inform all EU work in this area, and be shared by the 28 members of the EU, are clear and practical. They do not preach, but they make the case. They set out priority areas of action: violence on the grounds of religion or belief; freedom of expression; promotion of respect for diversity and tolerance; discrimination; the right to change or leave one’s religion or belief; manifestation of religion or belief, including public worship and education; support for human rights defenders; and engagement with civil society. And they establish a set of tools for practical action.

EU Ambassadors to the Holy See presented the new guidelines to the Secretary for Relations with States, Archbishop Dominique Mamberti, on 25 June, explaining their scope and ambition. Recalling Pope Francis’ words about the importance of “a culture of encounter” between civil society and faith, Mamberti welcomed the guidelines, particularly the emphasis on the universal character of freedom of religion or belief.

Implementing the guidelines will not be easy. Many states violate the many international norms and treaties on freedom of religion or belief already in place. But the guidelines are a statement of intent. As the document states, “the EU reaffirms its determination to promote, in its external human rights policy, freedom of religion or belief as a right to be exercised by everyone everywhere”. With the guidelines, the issue has been placed at the heart of the EU’s foreign policy.

1 comment on “Freedom of religion or belief: a fundamental right

  1. Religion is what one beliefs in for worship. Such as super sprit controlling power. It is of personal desire, which is of an interest of supreme importance to the person. Religion is accepts as true. If this is true, then there should be freedom of Religion or Belief for every individual. There should not be any obstacle to this effect. This requires more emphasis in EU’s foreign policy.

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About Nigel Baker

Nigel was British Ambassador to the Holy See from 2011-2016. He presented his Credentials to Pope Benedict XVI on 9 September 2011, after serving 8 years in Latin America, as…

Nigel was British Ambassador to the Holy See from 2011-2016. He presented his Credentials to Pope Benedict XVI on 9 September 2011, after serving 8 years in Latin America, as Deputy Head of Mission in the British Embassy in Havana, Cuba (2003-6) and then as British Ambassador in La Paz, Bolivia (2007-11). In July 2016, Nigel finished his posting, and is currently back in London.

As the first British Ambassador to the Holy See ever to have a blog, Nigel provided a regular window on what the Embassy and the Ambassador does. The blogs covered a wide range of issues, from Royal and Ministerial visits to Diplomacy and Faith, freedom of religion, human trafficking and climate change.

More on Nigel’s career

Nigel was based in London between 1998 and 2003. He spent two years on European Union issues (for the UK 1998 EU Presidency and on European Security and Defence questions), before crossing St James’s Park to work for three years as The Assistant Private Secretary to His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. At St James’s Palace, Nigel worked on international issues, including the management of The Prince of Wales’s overseas visits and tours, on the Commonwealth, interfaith issues, the arts and international development.

Nigel spent much of the early part of his FCO career in Central Europe, after an initial stint as Desk Officer for the Maghreb countries in the Near East and North Africa department (1990-91). Between 1992 and 1996, Nigel served in the British embassies in Prague and Bratislava, the latter being created in 1993 after the peaceful division of Czechoslovakia into the separate Czech and Slovak Republics.

Nigel joined the FCO (Foreign and Commonwealth Office) in September 1989. Between 1996 and 1998 he took a two year academic sabbatical to research and write about themes in 18th century European history, being based in Verona but also researching in Cambridge, Paris and Naples. The research followed from Nigel’s time as a student at Cambridge (1985-88) where he read history and was awarded a First Class Honours degree, followed by his MA in 1992.

Before joining the Foreign Office, Nigel worked briefly for the Conservative Research Department in London at the time of the 1989 European election campaign.

Nigel married Alexandra (Sasha) in 1997. They have one son, Benjamin, born in Bolivia in September 2008.

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